PSR: A Lightweight Proactive Source Routing Protocol
For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
ABSTRACT:
Opportunistic
data forwarding has drawn much attention in the research community of multihop
wireless networking, with most research conducted for stationary wireless
networks. One of the reasons why opportunistic data forwarding has not been
widely utilized in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is the lack of an efficient
lightweight proactive routing scheme with strong source routing capability. In
this paper, we propose a lightweight proactive source routing (PSR) protocol.
PSR can maintain more network topology information than distance vector (DV)
routing to facilitate source routing, although it has much smaller overhead
than traditional DV-based protocols [e.g., destination-sequenced DV (DSDV)],
link state (LS)-based routing [e.g., optimized link state routing (OLSR)], and
reactive source routing [e.g., dynamic source routing (DSR)]. Our tests using
computer simulation in Network Simulator 2 (ns-2) indicate that the overhead in
PSR is only a fraction of the overhead of these baseline protocols, and PSR yields
similar or better data transportation performance than these baseline
protocols.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
Opportunistic
data forwarding refers to a way in which data packets are handled in a multihop
wireless network. Unlike traditional IP forwarding, where an intermediate node
looks up a forwarding table for a dedicated next hop, opportunistic data
forwarding allows potentially multiple downstream nodes to act on the broadcast
data packet. In this paper, a transmitter picks the best forwarder from
multiple receivers, which successfully received its data, and explicitly
requests the selected node to forward the data. However, its overhead needs to
be significantly reduced before it can be implemented in practical networks. In
ExOR, nodes are enabled to overhear all packets on the air; therefore, a
multitude of nodes can potentiallsy forward a packet as long as they are
included in the forwarder list carried by the packet. By utilizing the
contention feature of the medium-access-control (MAC) sublayer, the forwarder
closer to the destination will access the medium more aggressively. Therefore,
the MAC sublayer can determine the actual next-hop forwarder to better utilize
the long-haul transmissions.
DISADVANTAGES
OF EXISTING SYSTEM:
·
Incurs
prohibitively large overhead.
·
opportunistic
data forwarding in a MANET with constantly active data communication between
many node pairs, the reactive nature of DSR renders it unsuitable.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
In this paper,
we propose a lightweight proactive source routing (PSR) protocol to facilitate
opportunistic data forwarding in MANETs. In PSR, each node maintains a
breadth-first search spanning tree of the network rooted at itself. This
information is periodically exchanged among neighboring nodes for updated
network topology information. Thus, PSR allows a node to have full-path
information to all other nodes in the network, although the communication cost
is only linear to the number of the nodes. This allows it to support both
source routing and conventional IP forwarding.
ADVANTAGES
OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:
·
Reduce
the routing overhead of PSR as much as we can.
·
Offers
a similar or better data transportation capability.
SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS:
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
Ø
System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
Ø
Hard Disk :
40 GB.
Ø
Floppy Drive : 1.44
Mb.
Ø
Monitor : 15
VGA Colour.
Ø
Mouse :
Logitech.
Ø Ram : 512 Mb.
SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENTS:
Ø Operating system : Windows
XP/7/LINUX.
Ø Implementation : NS2
Ø NS2 Version : NS2.2.28
Ø Front
End : OTCL (Object Oriented
Tool Command Language)
Ø Tool : Cygwin (To simulate in Windows OS)
REFERENCE:
Zehua Wang,
Yuanzhu Chen,and Cheng Li,“PSR: A Lightweight Proactive Source Routing
Protocol For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS, VOL. 63, NO. 2,
FEBRUARY 2014.
